住宅の構造計算のお話 [住宅]
↑押してして頂けると大変恐縮です。(というか本当に助かります。上だけでもお願いします。）
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工事ネタばかりですがたまには、ウンチクです。
住宅というと、実は4号建築 と言う区分けで、建築基準法上、構造計算が簡略化されています。
ですが、この簡略化の流れがこの間の耐震偽装による法改正で変わってきています。
要するに、住宅でも構造計算せい！ というのが本筋ですが、従来、構造計算とは無縁の大工さんたちが仕事ができないと言うことで、なかなかはっきり決まりません。
とはいえ、設計者もこの部分をおろそかにするわけにはいきません。
ということで、構造計算を自分はしています。これは、別発注ということで構造設計事務所に頼んでいるのではなく、あくまで自分でです。もちろん、難しい構造形式や、特別なソフトが無いと計算できない鉄骨造・RC造はできませんが、あくまで木造２階レベルで、従来の軸組計算と言われる簡略化した計算ではなく、許容応力度の計算ということです。
これを自分でやると、プレカット屋さんとの打合せは、大変有意義なものです。
なにしろ、「ここの梁のせい（高さ）が少ないのでは？」だとか、「樹種を変えよう」だとか細かい話ができるのですから。
とはいえ、プレカット屋さんまかせはいけない状況ではあります。
しっかり、計算して検討した設計を今後必要とされます。これは長期優良住宅で実施されますが、構造を人任せの設計事務所よりかは、この点は速く判断し、現場に支持できるという自己完結の点でよいことだと思っています。
自分の事ながら、木造の構造計算を理解するには、やはり一度、手計算するのが理解する早道に感じています。
というのも、今はソフトを使っていますが、手計算で３階建ての計算をした事があります。
それは、実際に立つ事は無かったのですが、今を思うと非常に役立ちました。
従来の工務店である大工さんのような方たちには、めんどうな事に受け取られがちですが、時代の流れなので仕方ないこともあると思います。また、我々、意匠設計事務所もデザインだけやっていれば良いということではないという意味でもあります。
もちろん、多額の研究費を民間住宅メーカーからもらって、メーカーの為に国土交通省に論文を書いて、法律や制度に寄与している先生方にも問題はあるかと思います。（今の法律がメーカー向きの法律なので）
ともあれ、賛成・反対 を繰り返して 進むのが我々人間の生きる様。環境の問題でもそうですが、建築の分野でも議論し続けなければなりません。
ともあれ、構造の分かる設計士・建築家に頼むべきと自分は考えています。デザイン一辺倒は問題あります。デザインの凝った家はそもそも構造上無理があるので、意匠設計者の手におえず、構造設計者に廻すのが殆どだと思いますが、その辺、気にした方が良いと思います。
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住宅の構造計算のお話：茨城 千葉 （柏・つくば）内呂建築設計事務所のブログ：So-netブログ
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住宅の構造計算のお話：茨城 千葉 （柏・つくば）内呂建築設計事務所のブログ：So-netブログ
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